I don’t know if this is the best way to do this, but it works for me.
In the functions.php of the theme you are using, put this:
function remove_img_src($html)
{
$html = preg_replace('@(width|height)="([0-9])+" ?@i', '', $html);
return $html;
}
add_filter('image_send_to_editor', 'remove_img_src', 10, 8);
It uses regular expresions to change the output that is inserted in the editor.