The question of how to customize which post data gets updated has been answered elsewhere on StackExchange.
Here is a specific example of how to stop the modified date from being updated:
function stop_modified_date_update( $new, $old ) {
$new['post_modified'] = $old['post_modified'];
$new['post_modified_gmt'] = $old['post_modified_gmt'];
return $new;
}
add_filter( 'wp_insert_post_data', 'stop_modified_date_update', 10, 2 );
// do stuff that updates post(s) here
remove_filter( 'wp_insert_post_data', 'stop_modified_date_update', 10, 2 );
NB: It is extremely important to remove the filter when you’re done with your special tasks unless you really want the modified date to never update anywhere on the site.
Happy coding!