I’m think I’ve found a bug with JetPack 1.7 [closed]

Jetpack support kindly replied:

This could be an issue with the After the Deadline module. When you
update a post, WordPress makes a call to the service
(service.afterthedeadline.com) to spellcheck your content, and it
seems an error occurs during the connection.

Could you try deactivating the Spelling and Grammar module

Disabling it DID fix the problem. It seems that the module does not correctly handle its job when an updated post/page content is empty. The modsec rules are not to blame (Thank you @Otto).