Is It Possible To A Link To The Homepage From The Admin Sidebar?

The $location parameter was incorrect. Try this:

function redirect_to_local_110(){
 wp_redirect( home_url() );
  exit;
}

function add_home_link() {
    add_menu_page( 'Course', 'Course', 'read', 'home', 'redirect_to_local_110', 'dashicons-welcome-learn-more');
}

add_action( 'admin_menu', 'add_home_link', 1001 );

Or you could use this:

function redirect_to_local_110(){
 wp_redirect( 'http://www.example.com', 301 );
  exit;
}

function add_home_link() {
    add_menu_page( 'Course', 'Course', 'read', 'home', 'redirect_to_local_110', 'dashicons-welcome-learn-more');
}

add_action( 'admin_menu', 'add_home_link', 1001 );