Is there a way to change the color of a row in Post Administration based on the type of post?

you mean something like this?

then here you go:

add_action('admin_footer','style_posts_list');
function style_posts_list(){
?>
<style>
.status-draft{background-color: #008866 !important;}
.status-pending{background-color: #F53162 !important;}
.status-publish{background-color: #FFF700 !important;}
<?php
}