If we want to avoid any filters and manual SQL queries, we could try (untested):
$args = array(
'post_type' => 'foods',
'posts_per_page' => 5,
'post__in' => array_unique(
wp_list_pluck(
get_comments( array(
'user_id' => get_current_user_id()
)
),
'comment_post_ID'
)
),
);
$my_query = new WP_Query( $args );