Login Redirect if Logged in from Specific Page

You could try something like this to add a custom form field:

add_action('login_form', 'custom_login_field');
function custom_login_field() {
    if (!is_singular('course')) {
        echo "<input type="hidden" name="context" value="notcourse">";
    }
}

Which is then picked up if it is set and does the redirect on login:

add_action('wp_login', 'auto_redirect_after_login');    
function auto_redirect_after_login() {
    if ( (isset($_POST['context'])) && ($_POST['context'] == 'notcourse') ) {
         wp_redirect(home_url()); exit();
    }
}

So that any login form submitted from a non-course page will redirect to home after login as this seems to be what you are intending.

UPDATE

Switching the logic around might work instead:

add_action('login_form', 'custom_login_field');
function custom_login_field() {
    if (is_singular('course')) {
        echo "<input type="hidden" name="context" value="course">";
    }
}

add_action('wp_login', 'auto_redirect_after_login');    
function auto_redirect_after_login() {
    if ( (isset($_POST['context'])) && ($_POST['context'] == 'course') ) {
         return;
    }
    wp_redirect(home_url()); exit();
}