It looks like you want a magazine theme. The way I do this is with multiple loops. Each loop requests a number of posts, and displays them with a certain size thumbnail, a certain size headline, and maybe an excerpt. Then a new loop starts. The site fashioncow.com uses 4 loops on the home page. The loop first loads three posts for the slider, the second loads one post for the Beauty section, the third loads three posts for the Trending Now section, and the last loop loads eight posts for the More Obsessions section.
