You are joining the same table 2 times and hence you need to provide the unique alias name. However looks like you are looking for parts
table and hence need to join that table
SELECT categories.name, categories.sub_name, parts.name FROM categories INNER JOIN presentations ON categories.id=presentations.category INNER JOIN parts ON parts.id=presentations.parts WHERE presentations.id=5;
For better readability you can always give some short alias name something as
select c.name, c.sub_name, p.name as parts_name from categories c join presentations pr on pr.category = c.id join parts p on p.id = pr.parts where pr.id = 5