https://codex.wordpress.org/Creating_a_Static_Front_Page
Static front pages are not intended to be paged. None of the WordPress
Previous / Next page link functions work with a static front page.
Pagination on a static front page uses the page query variable, not
the paged variable. See the WP_Query for details.
https://codex.wordpress.org/Class_Reference/WP_Query
Display posts from current page on a static front page:
$paged = ( get_query_var('page') ) ? get_query_var('page') : 1;
$query = new WP_Query( array( 'paged' => $paged ) );