Use Product Attribute in conditional tag

You should be able to wrap the “return with price” section if the $term variable matches a certain value.

I’m unsure what $term actually contains, but this should work. If not, you can modify the values in the if statements.

//Add prices to variations
add_filter( 'woocommerce_variation_option_name', 'display_price_in_variation_option_name' );
function display_price_in_variation_option_name( $term ) {
    global $wpdb, $product;

    $result = $wpdb->get_col( "SELECT slug FROM {$wpdb->prefix}terms WHERE name="$term"" );

    $term_slug = ( !empty( $result ) ) ? $result[0] : $term;

    $query = "SELECT postmeta.post_id AS product_id
        FROM {$wpdb->prefix}postmeta AS postmeta
        LEFT JOIN {$wpdb->prefix}posts AS products ON ( products.ID = postmeta.post_id )
        WHERE postmeta.meta_key LIKE 'attribute_%'
        AND postmeta.meta_value="$term_slug"
        AND products.post_parent = $product->id";

    $variation_id = $wpdb->get_col( $query );

    $parent = wp_get_post_parent_id( $variation_id[0] );

    if( $parent > 0 ){
        $_product = new WC_Product_Variation( $variation_id[0] );

        if( $term == 'Beginner Level' || $term == 'Intermediate Level' || $term == 'Advanced Level' ){
            //this is where you can actually customize how the price is displayed
            return $term . ' <span>(' . woocommerce_price( $_product->get_price() ) . ')</span>';
        } else {
            return $term;
        }
    }
    return $term;
}