If you are speaking about widgets – then you can use plugins like widget logic where you can easily create rules for displaying widgets. Let say your posts are separated into 2 categories – interactive functions and mathematics. Then you can create two different widgets displaying the latest post for the two different categories and set their logic to be like – all latest posts from category “Mathematics” to appear only on single posts from category “Mathematics” and “Home Page” ( and the same for category “Interactive Function”).
Hope this will help you a bit.
