Settings in functions.php used by a plugin

On top of my head scheme like this should work:

// functions.php

function prefix_get_settings() {
    return array('haha' => 'hehe');
}

add_filter( 'prefix_default_settings', 'prefix_get_settings', 9 );


// plugin

$default_settings = apply_filters( 'prefix_default_settings', array() );