This is a tricky one since even if you might get it to work with Core with plugins you never know if they also store data in files, custom tables, post types and so in. If you then only sync the options table you might get inconsistent/partial/broken states.
Also you probably don’t want to sync everything since some things like transients are on the options table but aren’t really settings.
This is a general problem with systems that store configuration in the database and even more so with WP since the data storage formats are somewhat fragile.
If you search the web or this site you’ll see that there have been plenty of questions and attempts of approaching this. But there is no general best practice solution to it.
Having said that, concerning your specific request you can have a look at https://github.com/danielbachhuber/dictator which looks like it is unmaintained but might give you a head start on one possible approach.