Well you can try and run debug_backtrace();
on your function.
For example:
function wpse_82183_debug( $query ) {
//your query goes here, this is just a basic one
if ( $query->is_home() && $query->is_main_query() ) {
$query->set( 'posts_per_page', 1 );
//magic happens here
var_dump(debug_backtrace());
}
}
add_action( 'pre_get_posts', 'wpse_82183_debug' );
There are also a number of plugins that help figure stuff out,
I recently made this list: http://wycks.github.com/WordPress-Gear/ (click debug tools)
Have a look at :