Trouble building a custom WP_query

There’s an action you could hook into. It’s called pre_get_posts and it lets you alter the query before the query is run.

This code should be placed into your functions.php file.

function my_exclude_category( $query ) 
{
    if ( $query->is_singular('post') && $query->is_main_query() ) {
        $query->set( 'cat', '-10' );
    }
}
add_action( 'pre_get_posts', 'my_exclude_category' );

Please note. Your approach is not working because you are trying to create a new query within a theme template file that is supposed to be used to display a singular post. Also, you aren’t affecting the main query by creating a new WP_Query. That’s what the pre_get_posts action hook is for. The template file that is used for displaying a list of posts is e.g. archive.php please see the template hierarchy documentation for more information.

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