A simple change would run via javascript, but run lately and in dependence that Javascript is active on the user side. The WordPress way is to use filters to change this text. However, this is a topic in context performance and should look in this direction.
This is the typical code snippet to change text.
add_filter( 'gettext', 'prefix_change_comment_field_names', 20, 3 );
/**
* Change comment form default field names.
*
* @link https://codex.wordpress.org/Plugin_API/Filter_Reference/gettext
*/
function prefix_change_comment_field_names( $translated_text, $text, $domain ) {
if ( ! is_admin() ) {
return $translated_text;
}
switch ( $translated_text ) {
case 'Published' :
$translated_text = esc_html__( 'Approved', 'theme_text_domain' );
break;
case 'Email' :
$translated_text = esc_html__( 'Email Address', 'theme_text_domain' );
break;
}
return $translated_text;
}
See these posts for more information and longer hints, especially for only change on specific admin pages.