Instead of submiting an entire post, is there any way to submit a lite-post or a simple message?

The code you posted is about the same one WordPress uses to insert posts in to the database so it’s not really saving anything.

But i would suggest you use Custom Post type and only allow a few or as much as needed objects to it :

  • ‘title’
  • ‘author’
  • ‘excerpt’
  • ‘custom-fields’
  • ‘comments’ (assuming you want to allow comments.)

This will not save you any extra unneeded fields (not more the the minimum needed by WordPress).

And if that is still not good enough the your best bet would be to create your own database table and only store what you need in it.