You just need to add the styles directly to the page head. The best way to do this is to use the ‘wp_head’ action hook, assuming you are using a theme that has the hook. Like so:
add_action('wp_head', 'my_custom_styles', 100);
function my_custom_styles()
{
echo "<style>*{color: red}</style>";
}
Check out the WP codex to learn more about action hooks.