Where is the reset password key stored/generated?

From line 213 of wp-login.php:

    $wpdb->update($wpdb->users, array('user_activation_key' => $key), array('user_login' => $user_login));

So yes, the key is the user_activation_key. Don’t know what you need to know that for but if you look in that file you’ll see there are several ways to hook into it.