The conio.h header is specific to Turbo C, which predates the earliest C standard by several years. It contains routines that are specific to the DOS command line. One function here that’s frequently used is getch, which allows reading one character at a time without having to press the Enter key. It also contains gotoxy which allows placing the cursor at a specific location in the terminal
Generally speaking, methods of communicating with the terminal like this are very OS specific, so each has their own (typically non-portable) way of doing it.
This contrasts with the functions in stdio.h which contain functions like printf, scanf, and getchar which work regardless of what type of console is in use.
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