The short answer is that there isn’t one.
WordPress templating consists mostly of raw PHP and Template Tags API. The API is more focused on outputting specific content, than producing specific HTML.
As result the technique is pretty much unknown in WordPress development. It doesn’t mean that you can’t use one, but it’s just not a convention developers know/use in WordPress context.
In my personal opinion going full–blown template language in WP (Mustache, Twig, etc) is more practical than helpers, but it’s probably matter of taste.