WP 4.8 : new taxonomy syntax for get_term_by and get_term_link ?

It is extremely unlikely for such major part API to be changed in WP release. It is likely that something got broken in your install (possibly unconnected to upgrade) and it needs hands on debug.

First steps would be something like:

  • stepping through lower level functions and checking returns, at some point you might get to a more telling WP_Error return
  • examining database for data presence/sanity and need of repair