Child theme does not load all style

Child themes load before the parent theme, so when you enqueue a stylesheet with the handle of the parent theme, the parent theme is not able to register or enqueue a stylesheet with that name. So when you enqueue a stylesheet named neobeat-theme-style, the parent stylesheet won’t be able to enqueue a stylesheet with that name.

So this in the parent is not doing anything:

wp_enqueue_style( 'neobeat-theme-style', get_stylesheet_uri(), 
       array( 'font-awesome', 'material-icons', 'magnific-popup',
       'linear-icons' ), NEOBEAT_THEME_VERSION );

This means that the only stylesheets that are being enqueued are the ones you are enqueueing in the stylesheet:

$parent_style="neobeat-theme-style"; 
wp_enqueue_style( $parent_style, get_template_directory_uri() . '/style.css' );

wp_enqueue_style( 'style',
   get_stylesheet_directory_uri() . '/style.css',
   array( $parent_style ),
   wp_get_theme()->get('Version')
);

Notice that none of those other stylesheets are mentioned here at all. So they’re not going to be enqueued.

If you want to enqueue the parent theme’s stylesheet from within the child theme, then you also need to include its dependencies and version.

I suggest registering the parent theme’s styles with the same handle, thus preventing the parent theme from enqueueing the child theme’s stylesheet, and then using it as a dependency on your child theme stylesheet:

// Parent theme's stylesheet with its dependencies.
wp_register_style(
    'neobeat-theme-style', 
    get_parent_theme_file_uri( 'style.css' ),
    ['font-awesome', 'material-icons', 'magnific-popup', 'linear-icons'],
    NEOBEAT_THEME_VERSION
);

// Child theme's stylesheet.
wp_enqueue_style(
    'neobeat-child-style',
    get_stylesheet_uri(),
    ['neobeat-theme-style'],
    wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' )
);