ajax nonce verification failing

To verify nonces in Ajax requests, check_ajax_referrer() should be used instead of wp_verify_nonce():

Crete the nonce:

$nonce = wp_create_nonce( 'vote-nonce-' . get_the_ID() );

Include it in JavaScript:

jQuery(document).ready(function(){
  jQuery(".post-voting").click(function(){
    vote_nonce = <?php echo $nonce; ?>
    vote_id = jQuery(this).data('vote-id');

    jQuery.post(
      vote_ajax.url,
      {
        action: 'submit_vote',
        vote_id: vote_id,
        vote_nonce: vote_nonce
      },
      function( data ) {
        alert( jQuery.parseJSON(data) );
      }
    );
  });
});

Check in the ajax callback:

add_action( 'wp_ajax_submit_vote', 'submit_vote' );
function submit_vote() {

    $vote_id = intval( $_POST['vote_id'] );
    $vote_nonce_name="vote-nonce-" . $vote_id;

    // By default, check_ajax_referer dies if nonce can not been verified
    if( ! check_ajax_referer( $vote_nonce_name, 'vote_nonce', false ) ) {
        wp_send_json_error();
    } else {
        wp_send_json_success();
    }

}