Batch Replace URLs in WordPress Database

No because you’re running the command on the posts table, and only on the content column, but ACF fields aka post meta are stored in the post meta table, not the content column of the posts table so no search replacing is occurring.

You can tell WP CLI to perform the search replace with PHP to avoid PHP serialisation issues using --precise as specified in the official documentation:

https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/search-replace/

Note that while this might avoid PHP serialisation/deserialisation problems, it’s not a guarantee that ACF will behave itself, you would need to ask in an ACF community or try it out to know for certain ( 3rd party plugin questions are offtopic here )