Call post-id from URL hash not working?

That obviously won’t work since you can’t get the ID of the post by doing PHP calls in a javascript code. By the way, the short PHP tag should never be used due to conflicts. You should used the full <?php tag.

Now, about your problem. What you need to pass the ID is a localization. Include your script in a js file, and enqueue it using this piece of code:

add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'some_function' );
function some_function(){
    wp_enqueue_script( 'some-handler', 'FULL URL HERE', array( 'jquery' ) );
}

Now, to pass the ID to the script, localize the post’s ID by extending your code to this:

add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'some_function' );
function some_function(){
    // Enqueue our JS file
    wp_enqueue_script( 'some-handler', 'FULL URL HERE', array( 'jquery' ) );
    // If we are on a single post, add the post's ID
    if ( is_single() ){
        $localization = array(
            'post_id' => get_the_ID(),
        );
        wp_localize_script( 'some-handler', 'localized_object', $localization );
    }
}

We’re half way done. At this point, you can access your post’s ID directly in your JS file:

(function($){ 

    function popModal() {
       window.alert("Your book is overdue.");
    }

    var hash = window.location.hash;
    if (hash.substring(1) == 'post-' + localized_object.post_id ) {
        popModal();
    }

})(jQuery);

Pretty cool stuff, ha?

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