Comments_template doesn’t work

Seems to me like you are trying to use the comments template out of context. The codex states:

Loads the comment template. For use in single Post and Page displays. Will not work outside of single displays unless $withcomments is set to “1”.

Unless you have a is_single() on the index.php or use the $withcomments = 1 it’s not intended to work. You should build out the page.php and single.php to load the comments into your template.

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