This is how the links are created in wp_generate_tag_cloud
(wp-includes/category-template.php)
foreach ( $tags as $key => $tag ) {
$count = $counts[ $key ];
$real_count = $real_counts[ $key ];
$tag_link = '#' != $tag->link ? esc_url( $tag->link ) : '#';
$tag_id = isset($tags[ $key ]->id) ? $tags[ $key ]->id : $key;
$tag_name = $tags[ $key ]->name;
$a[] = "<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/17090/$tag_link" class="tag-link-$tag_id" title="" . esc_attr( call_user_func( $topic_count_text_callback, $real_count ) ) . "" style="font-size: " .
( $smallest + ( ( $count - $min_count ) * $font_step ) )
. "$unit;">$tag_name</a>";
}
There seems not to be a way to do what you need. Maybe copying all wp_generate_tag_cloud
and modifying it to your needs in your functions.php?