FontAwesome Shortcode isn’t working properly

I tested your code, and it worked for me. Is it possible that your server doesn’t support the extract function? Using extract is frowned upon in PHP now. This is the recommended way of extracting shortcode attributes:

function addscFontAwesome($atts) {

    $args = shortcode_atts(
        array(
            'type'  => '',
            'size' => '',
            'rotate' => '',
            'flip' => '',
            'pull' => '',
            'animated' => '',
            'class' => '',
        ),
        $atts,
        'icon'
    );

    $classes  = ($args['type']) ? 'fa-'.$args['type']. '' : 'fa-star';
    $classes .= ($args['size']) ? ' fa-'.$args['size'].'' : '';
    $classes .= ($args['rotate']) ? ' fa-rotate-'.$args['rotate'].'' : '';
    $classes .= ($args['flip']) ? ' fa-flip-'.$args['flip'].'' : '';
    $classes .= ($args['pull']) ? ' pull-'.$args['pull'].'' : '';
    $classes .= ($args['animated']) ? ' fa-spin' : '';
    $classes .= ($args['class']) ? ' '.$args['class'] : '';

    $theAwesomeFont="<i class="fa ".esc_attr($classes).'"></i>';

    return $theAwesomeFont;
}
add_shortcode('icon', 'addscFontAwesome');

Make sure you’re using the latest version of Font Awesome. Here’s the code I’m using:

function nateallen-font-awesome() {
    wp_enqueue_style( 'nateallen-font-awesome', '//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css', array(), '4.4.0' );
}
add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'nateallen-font-awesome' );