How disable settings on core/image (Gutenberg) block

Try this

//functions.php

    function disable_all_block_settings($metadata)
    {
        if ($metadata['name'] === 'core/image') {
            $metadata['supports'] = [];
            $metadata['styles'] = [];
        }

        return $metadata;
    }

    add_filter('block_type_metadata', 'disable_all_block_settings');