How to add custom column into custom post, when field is select

You created the field with ACF so we can get the value with ACF too by using the get_field() function. You’re saying you get the value as an array so you probably put the return value of the select field in acf as label and value as array. This code shows how to show the label:

add_filter('manage_posts_columns', 'my_columns');
function my_columns($columns) {
$columns['status'] = 'Status płatności';
return $columns;
}
add_action('manage_posts_custom_column',  'my_show_columns');
function my_show_columns($name) {
global $post;
switch ($name) {
    case 'status':
        $views = get_field( 'status', $post->ID )['label'];
        echo $views;
}}

If you want to show the value instead you can use:

get_field( 'status', $post->ID )['value']