How to reset canonical URLs / fix redirect loop

Do you use a plugin called Redirection? It has a setting that will automatically create redirects when a post permalink is changed, and if the post is renamed and then changed back to the original name, you get a loop. And if a category is removed, WP will reassign a post to the default category and that may be part of it, too.

Also, check .htaccess for any hardcoded 301 redirects.