How to use apiFetch to get author information in Gutenberg properly?

Finally, I found out how to do it.
Just call fetchApi in componentDidMount and then create a new state in your component and add the response to this state when the request is done:

constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      data: {},
    };
}
componentDidMount() {
    apiFetch( { path: '/wp/v2/users/1' } )
      .then(data => this.setState({ data }));
}

then in render:

const { data } = this.state;

finally in return for example avatar of author:

<div className={className}>
    { data.avatar_url ? (<img src={data.avatar_url['24']} />) : (<></>) }
</div>