How to use manage_$post_type_posts_columns with underscore in post type?

I had this exact same issue, but it’s a problem with the Jobroller theme (seeing as the custom post type is job_listing, I’m guessing you’re using Jobroller as well).

The Jobroller theme adds the custom columns to the job_listing custom post type using the function jr_edit_jobs_columns in the file jobroller/includes/admin/admin-post-types.php:

function jr_edit_jobs_columns( $columns ){
    $columns = array(
        'cb' => '<input type="checkbox" />',
        'title' => __('Job Name', APP_TD),
        'author' => __('Job Author', APP_TD),
        'job_cat' => __('Job Category', APP_TD),
        'job_type' => __('Job Type', APP_TD),
        'job_salary' => __('Salary', APP_TD),
        'company' => __('Company', APP_TD),
        'location' => __('Location', APP_TD),
        'expire_date' => __('Expire Date', APP_TD),
        'date' => __('Date', APP_TD),
        'logo' => __('Logo', APP_TD),
    );
    return $columns;
}

But this function does it incorrectly, it simply redefines the columns instead of adding and removing columns to the existing list. So any columns you add in a child theme will be removed before the page is rendered (Because child themes get executed first).

You should edit that function like so:

function jr_edit_jobs_columns( $columns ){
    $new_columns = array(
        'cb' => '<input type="checkbox" />',
        'title' => __('Job Name', APP_TD),
        'author' => __('Job Author', APP_TD),
        'job_cat' => __('Job Category', APP_TD),
        'job_type' => __('Job Type', APP_TD),
        'job_salary' => __('Salary', APP_TD),
        'company' => __('Company', APP_TD),
        'location' => __('Location', APP_TD),
        'expire_date' => __('Expire Date', APP_TD),
        'date' => __('Date', APP_TD),
        'logo' => __('Logo', APP_TD),
    );
    unset($columns['cb']);
    unset($columns['title']);
    unset($columns['author']);
    unset($columns['taxonomy-job_location']);
    unset($columns['taxonomy-job_cat']);
    unset($columns['comments']);
    unset($columns['date']);
    return $new_columns + $columns; // This way your custom columns are at the end
}