Initialize add_action() for every copy of a specific shortcode

You can pass values by adding your own filter. Proof of concept:

add_filter(
  'my_filter',
  function() {
    return array(1,2,3);
  }
);

function print_partners_scripts() {
  $args = apply_filters('my_filter',null);
  var_dump($args);
}
add_action( 'wp_footer', 'print_partners_scripts' );

Where you to register and enqueue your script instead of echoing it directly to the page, you could use wp_localize-script to pass information to it.