In WordPress, the footer scripts are enqueued using wp_enqueue_scripts into wp_footer(). So it is hard for you to find the direct scripts link in footer.php.
To change the path you can go to PHPmyAdmin and edit the siteurl and home fields in options table of your database.
You can include jQuery from CDN using the following code:
// Register Script
function custom_scripts() {
wp_deregister_script( 'jquery' );
wp_register_script( 'jquery', '//code.jquery.com/jquery-2.1.1.min.js', false, '2.1.1', false );
wp_enqueue_script( 'jquery' );
}
// Hook into the 'wp_enqueue_scripts' action
add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'custom_scripts' );