Possible to display posts containing a short code ?

Taxonomy Query

Always use get_posts() for sidequeries. query_posts() is only for the Main query and new WP_Query() should be used for the second queries only. Read more here.

You can query posts by a taxonomy (category, term, etc.):

$cat_posts = new WP_Query( array(
    'tax_query' => array(
        'relation' => 'AND',
        array(
            'taxonomy' => 'movie_janner',
            'field' => 'slug',
            'terms' => array( 'action', 'commedy' )
        ),
        array(
            'taxonomy' => 'actor',
            'field' => 'id',
            'terms' => array( 103, 115, 206 ),
            'operator' => 'NOT IN'
        )
    )
) );

Shortcode Query

You could also, if you want to query by shortcode, add/remove a filter on the query for the content.

Make shure that you read the comments carefully!

function wpse49871_shortcode_query_filter( $where )
{
    global $wpdb;

    // Lets be on the safe side, escape and such.
    $new_where = $wpdb->prepare( 
         "%s AND %s LIKE %s"
        ,$where
        ,"{$wpdb->posts}.post_content"
        // If you know the exact ID, then just insert it in here.
        ,like_escape( '%fileurl=%' )
    );

    return $new_where;
}
function wpse49871_get_shortcode_posts()
{
    add_filter( 'posts_where', 'wpse_shortcode_query_filter' );
    $posts = get_posts( array(
        // Do your query in here. See "Taxonomy Query" args above for example
    ) );

    // Don't need it anymore after this run
    remove_filter( 'posts_where', 'wpse_shortcode_query_filter' );

    return $posts;
}

An even better approach may be to wrap it up in a class like the one shown in the other Q.