Post Meta for Custom Post Types

1- Yes they are common to all post types but it can be changed for each and every post, and yes meta field will be the same for companies too.

2- Whenever you add a new post, there is an option of adding custom field box, by default it is disabled (You can enable it by checking the Custom Field box. from the screen options, at the top right of the post page).
There you can add a custom field box for your post.

If you want a custom field box with advance functionalities, then check ACF Plugin

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