Problems in updating a self-developed plugin

I could solve the problem myself. Here are the resources that help in finding the (my) fault:

I had in my readme.txt in the header:

Stable tag: /trunk

(which possibly never worked correct). I have changed that to

Stable tag: 0.9.5

I now see on https://wordpress.org/plugins/pgnviewerjs-wp/#description the download button with the link https://downloads.wordpress.org/plugin/pgnviewerjs-wp.0.9.5.zip which shows me that the version is now available.

So the summary is: Use real version numbers in your readme.txt file!