Why unsigned int 0xFFFFFFFF is equal to int -1?

C and C++ can run on many different architectures, and machine types. Consequently, they can have different representations of numbers: Two’s complement, and Ones’ complement being the most common. In general you should not rely on a particular representation in your program. For unsigned integer types (size_t being one of those), the C standard (and the … Read more

The Definitive C++ Book Guide and List

This question attempts to collect the few pearls among the dozens of bad C++ books that are published every year. Unlike many other programming languages, which are often picked up on the go from tutorials found on the Internet, few are able to quickly pick up C++ without studying a well-written C++ book. It is … Read more

C++ Singleton design pattern

In 2008 I provided a C++98 implementation of the Singleton design pattern that is lazy-evaluated, guaranteed-destruction, not-technically-thread-safe:Can any one provide me a sample of Singleton in c++? Here is an updated C++11 implementation of the Singleton design pattern that is lazy-evaluated, correctly-destroyed, and thread-safe. See this article about when to use a singleton: (not often)Singleton: How … Read more

How to track down a “double free or corruption” error

If you’re using glibc, you can set the MALLOC_CHECK_ environment variable to 2, this will cause glibc to use an error tolerant version of malloc, which will cause your program to abort at the point where the double free is done. You can set this from gdb by using the set environment MALLOC_CHECK_ 2 command before running your program; the program … Read more

Read file line by line using ifstream in C++

First, make an ifstream: The two standard methods are: Assume that every line consists of two numbers and read token by token:int a, b; while (infile >> a >> b) { // process pair (a,b) } Line-based parsing, using string streams:#include <sstream> #include <string> std::string line; while (std::getline(infile, line)) { std::istringstream iss(line); int a, b; if … Read more

C++ [Error] no matching function for call to

You are trying to call DeckOfCards::shuffle with a deckOfCards parameter: But the method takes a vector<Card>&: The compiler error messages are quite clear on this. I’ll paraphrase the compiler as it talks to you. Error: Paraphrased: Hey, pal. You’re trying to call a function called shuffle which apparently takes a single parameter of type reference-to-deckOfCards, but there is no such function. Error: … Read more

how to implement quick sort algorithm in C++

Your consideration is wrong. The value of r does not change, since it is given as value to the Quicksort function(not a reference). You handle the ranges with p,q such that p is the first index in the range and q the first index not in the range. Thus, your calls were wrong: Here is the complete example. I used std::swap to change elements and ans std::vector … Read more

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