The importance of c enumeration (typedef enum) [duplicate]

I recently saw this in an answer that was posted for me:

    typedef enum
    {
        NO_OP,
        ADDITION,
    }   operator_t;

int main()
{
    operator_t operator = NO_OP;
}

What is typedef enum and why should we use it? I googled and found the following: http://www.programiz.com/c-programming/c-enumeration

Right now it sounds slightly too technical for me so I dont think I understand what is going on or why one would use that.

Bonus (optional): What type of variable is the operator_t?

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