C++ std::strings are “counted” strings – i.e., their length is stored as an integer, and they can contain any character. When you replace the third character with a \0 nothing special happens – it’s printed as if it was any other character (in particular, your console simply ignores it).
In the last line, instead, you are printing a C string, whose end is determined by the first \0 that is found. In such a case, cout goes on printing characters until it finds a \0, which, in your case, is after the third h.
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