What does the protected modifier mean?

In chapter 3.5 , it illustrates the protected modifier with the following words:

More precisely, beyond being accessible within the class itself and to code within the same package, a protected member can also be accessed from a class through object references that are of at least the same type as the class that is, references of the class’s type or one its subtypes.

The words makes me confused, in two aspects:

1. protected member can be accessed by code within the same package ? What I knew before is protected member can only be accessed by the subclass…

2. I don’t understand what does a protected member can also be accessed from ... mean, anyone can explain to me please?

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