You can take a look at Custom Headers documentation for information about it.
There is no “custom footer” feature, well because WP only has “custom header” theme feature and it isn’t named/scoped to handle arbitrary custom-something.
why this custom files should store in “inc” folder?
This is just an implementation detail of specific theme, it’s not required or standardized in WordPress. inc is short for includes and is typical name for folder containing PHP files (other common folder names being php and src).
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