Allow latex in wordpress excerpt

If I’m not mistaken, this could be as simple as

add_filter('get_the_excerpt', 'latex_markup');

if the Latex markup isn’t removed by another filter before that (it shouldn’t, I believe).
latex_markup is the function jetpack adds to the list of filters on the_content. It might get interesting when your latex code is at the edge of the excerpt and parts of it would get cut off, but if you can take care of that, you should be fine.