I’m not too sure I get the question but here goes nothing: What you could do is wrap you posts loop in a PHP counter or jQuery counter to change the style of the first div at every itteration.
<?php if ( have_posts() ) : ?>
<?php /* Limit Number of posts returned to 4 !important */ ?>
<? $numberOfPost = 4;
$catId = get_query_var('cat');
$page = (get_query_var('paged')) ? get_query_var('paged') : 1;
query_posts('paged='.$page.'&posts_per_page=".$numberOfPost."&cat=".$catId); ?>
<?php $i = 1; while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?>
<?php
/* Include the Post-Format-specific template for the content.
* If you want to overload this in a child theme then include a file
* called content-___.php (where ___ is the Post Format name) and that will be used instead.
*/
if( $i == 1 ){
get_template_part( "/templates/content-latest', get_post_format() );
} else {
**// your other template file.**
}
?>
<?php $i++; endwhile; ?>
<?php endif; ?>