From a shortcode I want to pass a value to display a different page

There are plenty of ways this can be done. Here is one rudimentary version of doing this using the GET method and two different shortcodes for the two pages. You have to place the code in your theme’s functions.php and to create two different pages and place [first-page] shortcode on the first page, and [second-page] shortcode on the second page and use the form on the first page.

<?php

/**
 * Shortcode for the First page.
 * 
 * Show form on the first page to grab information.
 */
function wpse380676_first_page_shortcode() {
    $second_page_id = 1832;

    ob_start();
    ?>

    <form action="<?php echo get_the_permalink($second_page_id) ?>" method="GET">
        <label><input type="radio" name="question" value="yes"> Yes</label>
        <label><input type="radio" name="question" value="no"> No</label>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </form>

    <?php
    echo ob_get_clean();
}

add_shortcode( 'first-page', 'wpse380676_first_page_shortcode' );

/**
 * Shortcode for the Second page.
 * 
 * Handle data from the previous page and do something.
 */
function wpse380676_second_page_shortcode() {
    $question = filter_input(INPUT_GET, 'question', FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);

    if (!$question) {
        return;
    }

    if ('yes' === $question) {
        echo 'The answer is Yes';
    } else {
        echo 'The answer is No';
    }
}

add_shortcode( 'second-page', 'wpse380676_second_page_shortcode' );

Tested in WordPress 5.6 with the default theme ‘Twenty Twenty One’