Get post terms with hierarchical relationships

I doubt you’re going to find a function that created the exact output you’re using, so you’re probably looking at two nested called to get_terms(). I usually avoid most other taxonomy-related plugins in favor of get terms. Most of the other functions are wrappers for this one.

Here’s some psuedo-code for what I’d do:

<?php

// Get all the top-level terms i.e. those without a parent
$top_level_terms = get_terms( 'my_taxonomy', array( 'parent' => 0 ) );

foreach( $top_level_terms as $top_term ) {

    // get child terms. use parent for direct descendants or child_of for all descendents
    $child_terms = get_terms( 'my_taxonomy', array( 'child_of' => $top_term->term_id ));

    // list the parent term    
    printf(
        '<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/81498/%1$s">%2%s</a> (',
        esc_url( get_term_link( $top_term->term_id ) ),
        esc_attr( $top_term->name )
    );

    // list all the child terms
    foreach ( $child_terms as $child_term ) {
        printf(
            '<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/81498/%1$s">%2%s</a>, ',
            esc_url( get_term_link( $child_term->term_id ) ),
            esc_attr( $child_term->name )
        );
    }

    echo ')';

}

That code’s untested and surely needs some additional arguments from you, but hopefully that can get you started.

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