getting “Object of class WP_Post could not be converted to string” – when it is a string

Magenta is actually correct. $post_ID is a WP_Post object. Your exec code should effectively be using $post_ID->ID.

function save_new_post($post_ID)
{
    print_r($post_ID);
    die();

Returns

WP_Post Object ( [ID] => ...

Hata!: SQLSTATE[HY000] [1045] Access denied for user 'divattrend_liink'@'localhost' (using password: YES)